What Is Encryption in Computer Security?

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Encryption is the process of converting data and information into a format that can only be decoded and understood by those who possess the keys. This can be done with an array of mathematical models and is used every day to protect the information and data that business and consumers use in their everyday lives.

Modern encryption algorithms are essential to ensure the security of digital information stored on computers or transmitted through networks like the internet. It also facilitates security measures such as authentication (verifying the authenticity of a message) as well as integrity (ensuring that it hasn’t been altered) and non-repudiation (the ability to prove that a person or company sent a message).

Encryption works by converting plaintext that can be read by humans into an encrypted format known as ciphertext, through the use of mathematical models, also known as algorithms. The encrypted text can only be read using a decryption code which is a secret password or a sequence of numbers that the sender and recipient have agreed on. The more secure the cryptographic key is, the more difficult for unauthorized third parties to crack it using brute force methods such as trying every possible string of characters.

Many privacy and security laws require a strong encryption in order to ensure that data remains secure and private. Many individuals and businesses utilize encryption to protect their files, folders and entire computers with software programs like 7-Zip and CertainSafe, and they can also encrypt their entire hard drive in the cloud with virtual private networks. In addition, many companies offer a range of encryption solutions that can provide multiple types of encryption for the most robust protection.